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Learn More About holographic
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Simple instruction of Holography master shooting lab(2D/3D) and master
shooting
The
making of a Holography can be divided into 2 procedures. The making of a master
Holography and the making of a reflection Holography. hey both have to be
recorded in total darkness. The recording of Holographys is a process sensible
to vibrations.
Let's start with the recording of a master Holography.
(1) To record a master Holography, a few things are needed: an object, a
holographic film, a beamsplitter and a laser. The lenses and mirrors needed to
focus and lead the laserbeams will not be discussed here. The laserbeam is
split into two beams using the beamsplitter.
One beam is sent straight to the Holographic film, this beam is called the
reference beam. The other beam, the
 object
beam, is sent to the object, which is placed in front of the Holographic film.
This will lead to 2 beams lighting the
Holographic film from the same side. One beam straight from the laser source
and the other reflected by the object. These 2 beams interfere with each other.
Thus, an interference pattern is recorded on the Holographic film. After having
developed the Holographic film, the obtained master Holography can be viewed by
lighting the master Holography againwith the reference beam under the same
angle. The original object now can be seen through the master Holography.
The making of a reflection Holography does not differ very much from the making
of a master Holography. The only
substantial difference is where the light hits the Holographic film. The making
of a master Holography required the lighting of the film from one side. The
making of a reflection Holography requires the lighting of the Holographic film
from both sides. So the reference beam will light the film from the front, and
the object beam will light the film from the back side.
Now a Holography is obtained that can be viewed best with a halogen lightsource
or in sunlight. The Holography has to be lighted from above under an angle of
45 degrees.
Simple instruction of master shooting lab(Dot-matrix) and master
shooting
Holography Dot-matrix Maker is a powerful and unique tool to design
and fabricate DOVID (diffractive optical variable image device), kinetic 2D/3D,
Sterogram and true color Holographys which lead HoloMakerseriesto be the best
digital dot-matrix holographic printing or mastering system in the world.
Holograms - An Alternative to Standard Foil Colors
Another foil product for the hot stamp process is the hologram. A hologram is a
2 or 3-dimensional image developed photographically with the use of lasers as
the light source and special optics to create the graphics or photo images. The
image is transferred to special foil film ready to be stamped onto a selected
material.
A random (wallpaper) hologram has a spectrum of color changes when viewed from
several angles. The image above shows how the hologram appears in a stationary
position. The hologram shown below represents how it appears to the human eye
as it is moved.
Hologram Production
If a hologram is to be designed specifically for a client's needs, such as a
logo or architectural image, it may become expensive to create. Consequently,
there are a variety of off-the-shelf stock graphics that are available, for a
nominal fee, which can be used on any project where a stock hologram image is
acceptable. Diffraction foils are one alternative for off-the-shelf products.
Diffraction foils reflect multi-colored images and patterns, however they are
flat in appearance. Other foils are also available off-the-shelf, which provide
greater depth and dimensional effects.
General costs and time required
for the creation of a custom hologram may be as follows:
Production Process
1. Art - Select an object or a model from which to work:
A model will be used to create an exact image of the original in size and
detail.
The model will need to be made from a rigid material such as wood or plastic.
Wax cannot be used due to the duration of the heat of the laser focused on the
model. Plastic is not the best material to use since it can expand or contract
with the laser heat.
No motion can occur while the laser photo is being produced or the image will
distort.
If a model is desired, it must be built in a 1:1 scale as the desired hologram.
For a 3D embossed hologram, the depth of the model should not be greater than
1" or the hologram may become hazy. Since the hologram is designed to be used
under natural or standard interior lighting, it is required that only one inch
of the depth be reproduced to enable an effect of greater depth to be created.
Models will generally be constructed as a distorted image in order to achieve
greater depth in the hologram image.
Models can have line art logos combined together in order to create distinctive
images.
2. Production - The laser photography process:
An environmentally controlled photo lab, containing laser equipment and
specially designed optics, is used to create exact replicas of the objects and
models.
A laser light is focused on the model or object to record the image. The laser
light splits and separates into an object beam and a reference beam, hitting
the object or model from different directions and then rejoining as one beam of
light.
A multi-dimensional image is formed at the intersection of the light waves and
developed on a photosensitive glass plate, which becomes the "master".
3. Development - The electro-forming process:
A photosensitive glass plate is placed into an electro-chemical bath where the
chemicals form, or develop, the image on the glass plate.
The image on the glass plate is then transferred to a nickel die, referred to
as the "shim".
4. Foil Embossing - Transferring the image to foil:
The nickel shim becomes the embossing plate that is wrapped around the embossing
cylinder on the foil embossing press.
The embossing press, using both heat and pressure, brings the shim in contact
with thermoplastic, which will be used for embossing the hologram image into
foil, metalized paper, PVC, or polyester material that becomes the final
application.
For longer run applications or wider embossed images, the image, which is now a
relief pattern, is copied from the shim and reproduced onto a custom embossing
cylinder or drum.
5. Transfer Application - Transferring the hologram image onto a substrate for
further processing:
Transferring the hologram onto a substrate occurs at this point by hot stamping
or die cutting the hologram onto the selected material.
Individual die cuts to create single sheet holograms or kiss-cut impressions on
pressure-sensitive roll stock for hand or machine application, are then
created.
6. Final Application - Transferring the hologram onto the printed piece:
A hot-stamp press is used to transfer the image that exists on foil onto the
materials (paper or plastic) that will be used in the print project.
Some images are simply transferred from the pressure sensitive label material
onto the receiving material, such as security labels that are attached directly
to the product package. Generally, however, images are stamped into the product
directly from the foil carrier, such as the hologram that is transferred to a
credit card, promotional brochure, or carton face.
Holograms are produced either as registered or random (wallpaper) patterns. If
the pattern or image is registered, it requires tight alignment controls for
the hot stamping process. This is to insure that the hot stamp die strikes each
registered image precisely, so that it is transferred completely onto the print
material. Random patterns, however, are continuous throughout the foil material
with no beginning or ending points. Therefore, when a random pattern is stamped
into the stock, there is no need to be concerned for exact registration of the
hot stamp die onto the foil pattern.
Four types of holographic images are available for a print project:
Patterned Images are geometric designs throughout the foil in either a repeated
or random pattern.
2 and 3-Dimensional Images are realistic 3-D illusions of various inanimate
objects.
Multiple Plane Images are layered and repeated several times to create a
3-dimensional effect.
Stereogram Images are 3-dimensional images of live objects presented in active
sequences. Generally, the stereogram image is the most expensive hologram to
produce.
A hologram will have an animated appearance when it is viewed from several
angles. The animation shown in this graphic represents how the hologram moves
as the human eye moves.
Planning Tips for Foils
Stock Selection
Coated stocks such as clay or cast coated papers are the best paper materials
for foil stamping since they are the most workable. They generally allow for
greater area coverage without distortion or breakup of the foil. However, large
areas of solids can lead to complications, such as gas trapping, which can
cause the foil to bubble on the surface of the stock if the die has not been
sandblasted prior to use.
Vellum surfaced stocks with 25% rag content are excellent stocks for stationery
products.
Use caution if the printed piece is to have a coating applied prior to foil
stamping. UV coatings or varnishes containing a high level of wax are not
receptive coatings for foil stamping. Aqueous coatings or wax free varnishes
provide the best surface results for foil stamping.
If foil is being applied to laminated sheets, make sure the surface tension,
also referred to as the dyne count, is higher than 40. Less than 40 will result
in the sheet cracking and tearing.
A coated and smooth stock is the best choice for hologram images. Uncoated or
textured stocks will provide a dull or broken appearing image, destroying the
true effect of the hologram.
Foil Selection
Use caution when selecting a foil to be used on any document that will be
imprinted on a laser printer. Choose a foil that has a high resistance to heat.
Consult a Pantone Foil Color Selector when making a color selection from the
hundreds of foils available.
If two different foils are to be used and are to overlap, make sure the foils
are compatible. Some foils will not adhere to other foil materials, so check
this before foil stamping.
Artwork Preparation
Set copy or create images with fonts above 8 point and lines thicker than 2
point. Use images that are more open and have fewer thin lines. Foils will have
a tendency to fill in small, enclosed areas, thin lines, or closely kerned
text. Thin serifs do not hold foil well unless the copy is stamped twice with
the foil, which becomes time consuming and costly for the job.
It is generally best to prepare images slightly larger than the size desired.
This is to compensate for the resulting dimensional effect that occurs because
the paper thickness tends to change the size of the image.
Copy or images with very close registration may involve extra work and greater
cost. Be careful not to use trapping techniques on any artwork appearing
adjacent to foil stamping.
Screened copy and images with changes in tones do not reproduce effectively
into dies.
If a bevel die is to be used, the artwork for the image and copy may need to be
slightly enlarged to compensate for the image and copy reduction that occurs
due to the beveled edges.
On foil holograms, create and imprint the image with rounded corners to provide
the best results.
Keep images at least 1/2" away from the edge of the stock being foil stamped in
order to eliminate wrinkles that will occur if the image is too close to the
edge of the stock.
For pattern holograms, provide line art of the desired pattern or shape.
For 3-dimensional images, provide an actual item that is to become the image in
the hologram. Laser technology will then be used to reproduce the image.
For multiple-plane holograms, line art will be required for all 2-dimensional
planes. For 3-dimensional planes, an actual item in the actual size will be
required for reproduction.
Image and Die Preparation
If film negatives are to be made for the dies, they must be prepared emulsion
up.
If the image has no appearance that easily indicates the direction of the
image, mark the film "right read" to show which side prints up. Identify the
top or bottom of the image so the engraver will understand how the die must be
positioned for proper foil stamping.
Color key proofs, used for viewing the proper image direction, are of much
assistance to the engraver when building a die.
Make sure the film image is not distorted or changed in size from the original
copy.
If stock is to be embossed and also foil stamped, prepare a separate piece of
film or separate digital artwork for each image.
For multi-level or dimensional dies, an engraver must be provided with a solid,
opaque, film for each layer to be embossed. The opaque film identifies the
silhouette area of each layer. The engraver must also receive film for the line
art that will contain the images to be embossed. Provide a set of color keys
that will be in register with the film and visually show the intended image
layers in registration.
As a general practice, make sure the engraver has a color key, a mock-up of the
design, and any samples illustrating and defining the edges, shapes, and levels
of the image in order to assist with identifying exactly how the image is to
appear when foil stamped or embossed.
General Use of Foils
Foils can be used for logos or accents surrounding logos, borders or highlights
surrounding images, and elegant accents for distinctive symbols, images,
graphics, or lines.
Foils provide security for tamper resistant seals and security for documents.
Holograms and foils have been used as seals for software or video products, and
security on negotiable documents because they effectively display a tear if a
foil seal is opened or torn.
Documents that are not to be reproduced or counterfeited, such as background
images in driver's licenses, membership cards, credit/debit cards, or personal
identity badges, utilize foils and holograms for security. Foils and holograms
are difficult to reproduce.
Note: Before creating a foil die for use in a project, consult with the
organization doing the hot stamping to insure that the stock and the image
desired are compatible.
How are embossed hologram made?
Embossed holograms are made pressing a holographic image into a plastic
substrate. The hologram master is transferred to a metal plate and pressed into
the plastic surface with heat and pressure. The most common carrier is
metalized polyester.
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